V

meaning, expressible in words,intended, fit, to be spoken; that should be spoken to.

discussion; debate; interpretation of Scriptures; controversy; dispute; rivalry, competition; theory, argument, the discussion in which there is involvement of winning and loosing is involved is known as vaad.

expert in spiritual argument, the plaintiff, a complainant, exponent, disputant, proponent,

(1) Expert in spiritual argument; (2) Speaker or sayer believer in a particular theory; (3) The plantiff a complainant; (4) Principal note of a mode of music; (5) Rival ; (6) Complainant; (7) Plaintiff; (7) Snake charmer

enclosure, compound, behind house; pen or fold for sheep and goats; street; latrine; party, faction.

vocal speech, voice, language, speech; language; words; organ of speech, tongue; note; Saraswati, goddess of speech

wish, desire, inclination; impression on the mid of past actions which produces pleasure or pain; smell; odor, instinct, sentiments, wrong motive, wrong intention, wrong meaning ,wrong opinion; wrong purpose, wrong intention,wrong intended meaning

road, path; waiting; wick (of lamp); wick (inserted in wound to drain it); iron band or tyre of wheel.

Fraternity towards coreligionists, joy and affection towards the right path and those following the path and propagation of true path, attitude of love and devotion, affection, tenderness,

Dis-interested/selfless affection (love); Fraternity towards coreligionists; The love of a mother towards children.

Vadeeneeti means go to toilet for solid excretion activity while laghuneeti is to go for urinating activity

interactive capacity, power causing passionate feelings contrary to the real nature of soul.

Fluid (body); Other four body forms are (1) audarika (gross); (2) aharaka (assimilative); (3) taijasa (caloric); and (4) karman (made of karma particles).

Transformational body; Protean body; Fluid body; Fluid body of assuming various forms, usually Gods in heaven or hellish being in hell possess.

Perversity due to indeterminate opinion. wrong belief pertaining to pay equal respect to all deities and all religions

indifference to the world, absence of worldly desires, asceticism, renunciation, aversion from worldly life, detachment from worldly life, non attachment.

(1) Detachment; (2) Non-attachment; (3) Indifference to body world and material gratification and indulgence of five senses; (4) Indifference to the world, absence of worldly desires, ascetism, renunciation, aversion from worldly life, detachment from worldly life, non attachment;
 (5) Giving up or reducing the raaga towards sansaar

a particular time after midnight, A time of 48 minutes past midnight till 48 minutes prior to sun rise. This is the time for monk to do swaadhyaay. (see kaalaachaar for further details). It is also known as apar raatri.

Purity, nirmaltaa, vishadataa, clearness, brightness, freshness, distinctness, intelligibleness, vividness,

Family and service to society. This is the third of four stages that a Jain shravak and shravika are recommended
 to pass through in his or her lifetime

bowing, ceremonial and humble greeting of a spiritual teacher, obeisance, salutation, adoration, worship, reverence, praise, praise with the verbal words, vachan thi stuti karvi te. In namokar mantra pranaam as well as vandan are included.

(1) Act of bowing, or offering salutations; (2) Reverent salutation; (3) Bow or Salute with reverence; (4) Salutations of Sadhus or monks and reverent people; (5) Obeisance; (6) Pranaama; (7) Salute; (8) Ceremonial and humble greeting of a spiritual teacher, salutation,
adoration, worship, reverence, praise

to show the respect to the worthy one. It is present only up to six spiritual development stage only.

category, group, square, bundle of potencies incorporated in a single indivisible atoms which forms the basis of karmic matter. potency of karmic dust particle is defined in terms of number of units of different attributes is known as avibhaag pratichchheda. A group with the same potency of these avibhaag pratichchheda is known as varga.

type of karmic molecules constituted by a number of vargas or karmic atoms, name of molecule of infinite atoms, aggregate of same molecules of some matter., collection of varga is known as varganaa.

(1) Molecules or group of atoms; (2) Aggregatal grouping, variform.; (3) Aggregate of molecules of same kind or different kinds forming a worldy object of matters.

color; letter of the alphabet; form, appearance; sort. m., f. any one of the four classes or divisions (varnas) of Hindu society; caste.

Ritual celebrating the establishment of a new household by a married son; Ritual by married son

પોતપોતાના પયkયની ઉFપિrમા+ Jવય+éવ (વતIમાન gવાિદ tuયો6 િનિમrde (eરણા કરવી H. instrumental cause. Vartanaa means minute transformation occurring in a substance which are not perceivable. in contrast, parinaam means the transformation which are perceptible.

behave, act; become; be; subsist. v. t. make out, guess; predict; [poet.] see; give according to usage.

subject to, under the control of; subdued, obedient; charmed, fascinated. m. control.

purnataa, completeness, one has completed the action of aahvahan, sthaapanam and sannidhikarana. Ek kriyaa ke baad purnataa hote par vashat shabd kaa upygo kiyaa jaata hai . This is “raudhik” shabd hai. Vashat is an avyay shabd.

object, thing, substance, matter, infinite attributes and modes residing in a substance is known as vastu, the one in which the attributes and modes reside.

nature of reality of any substance, reality, objectivity attribute, causal efficiency attribute

Disinterested affection, Tender affection for one’s brother on the path of Liberation.

desire to experience certain inclinations, vedan karne vaalaa bhaav. (samaysaar stanza 216)

experience, knowledge, to know and to experience is vedan., knowing, knowledge; experiencing; feeling. vedan nirvikalpa avasthaa maa chhe, Hu vedu chhu te savikalpa dasha thai. Gnaan apexa e nirvikalpa ane savikalpa ek j samaye chhe,

the inclination which gets to be experienced, jis bhaav kaa vedan kiyaa jaataa hai, The desire of certain inclinations from the past is now getting experienced at this moment. (samaysaar stanza 216)

soul has desire for certain inclination (vedak bhaav) and that inclination comes in experiencing state in the future mode.(vedya bhaav) Therefore they both are occurring at different samays. When desire is there, the experience is not there and vice versa. Both states are the deluding states of the soul. (samaysaar stanza 216)

(1) Power or strength; (2) Reproductive capacity; (3) Sperm; (4) Strength; (5) A pure soul has infinite strength;
 (6) Potency

vishesh, common difference, specific, particularity, special, peculiar, particular, distinctive

alienated substantive modification, e.g. modes of inclination of attachment and aversion. Ref: Jain siddhant Praveshika English Q. no. 46

vibhaav arth paryaay, Delusive feelings in one caused due to some other matters, With alien substance as instrumental cause there occurs altered mode in the soul e.g. soul’s inclinations of attachment and aversion

vishesh shakti, special power present in soul and matter only. With this power soul and matter can have utpat vyay origination cessation in pure or impure form. Distinctive power of soul and matter.

alienated shape modification e.g. living being with shape of human, celestial, subhuman or infernal beings. Ref: Jain siddhant Praveshika English Q. no. 42

Disposition contrary to the natural qualities of soul; Real Defiled mode; Impure; Extrinsic modes; Tainted

there are eight. 1: prathamaa: Kartaa: Nominative 2: Dwitiyaa: karma: accusative
3: Trutiyaa: karan: instrumental 4: Chaturthi: Sampradan: dative 5: panchmai: apaadaan: ablative 6: shashti:Sambadh: Genitive
7: saptami: Adhikaran: locative 8: Sambodhan: vocative

differentiation from alien conditions, screened, separated, This is me and this is mine, I am the doer and the endurer of other substances to break this relationship is called differentiation of the alien condition

Differentiation from alien conditions, screened, separated; This is me and this is mine, I am the doer and the endurer of other substances to break this relationship is called differentiation of the alien condition vibhaktva, separate from passion, passionless

omnipresent; eternal; motionless; powerful, mighty; great; best. m. God, boundless, all pervading, abundant, plentiful, powerful, excellent, bestowing, richly, possessing mighty treasure or wealth. .

powerful, manifestation of might, great power, arisen, produced, great, mighty, abounding in glory.

splendor, dominion, prosperity, grandeur, 49 prominent luxuries of chakravarti, mighty, powerful, presiding over, plenty, abundance, manifestation of might

Splendor dominion; Prosperity; Grandeur; 49 prominent luxuries of chakravarti king

disgust, dislike, looking at monk who has not taken shower one gets disgust, aversion, antipathy, hatred.

prescribed rite; manner, method; scriptural injunction; act; service; remedy; sweet ball made for elephant; rule, regulation; law.

fit to be done or stated; obedient, under one's control. n. predicate; person on whom mesmerism is tried, establish, procurement, to be bestowed, To be practiced, compliant, submissive, submission, object to be accomplished.

Brahma; goddess of fortune, Destiny; order; sacred precept; sacred, purificatory, rite or ceremony. rite; procedure or method of performance.

prescripAon or prohibiAon; rules regarding what should be done and what is forbidden, affirmaAon and negaAon perspecAves,

Small Jain idol or image for ritual purposes made of bronze. This will prevent disturbing the Mulanaayaka or Large image

angle between two direcAon like angle between east and north etc. northeast, northwest, southeast southwest. ishan,agni vaayavya and nairutya. sub direcAons, quarter parts of the four direcAons. area occupied by one space point is known as vidishaa.

(1) A species of human beings. They were so called because they were in possession of certain vidyas, e.g.,
 flying through the sky, which were bestowed on them by the first tirthankara, Risabha.
 (2) A species of human beings who are in possession of some special arts, like flying

bhaav swarupi, in the modes of some attributes there is always some purity is known as anujivi gun. Pratijivi means either pure or impure.

determinate cognition, consciousness, seed consciousness. cognition of object, cognition , supreme knowledge,

solid cognition, solid supreme knowledge, ghan means three dimensional thing, vignaan ghan means one axis to be infinite time, second axis is innumerable space points of the soul and third dimension is the infinite attributes in a substance. Therefore vignaan ghan means solid state of the soul structure in which nothing out side thing can penetrate.

Thorough knowledge; Consciousness; Science; Extra or super knowledge of object is science.

(1) Irregular movement; (2) Transmigratory motion; (3) Soul in transit from one body to another

karma associated with the movement of the living being. They are of two types: graceful and awkward.

dissimilar, heterogeneous, belonging to another caste or tribe, different origin, different caste, different tribe.

the argument occurring between plaintiff and defendant to establish their own theory is known as vijigishu kathaa.

maladies, when thing actually appears as other, emotions, agitation, passion, change of mental condition, deviation from any natural state, alteration from natural state, agitation of mind, distortion in nature, altered state,

(1) Evilness; (2)The distorted nature of self or soul; (3) Vaibhaavika; (4) Swabhaav ni vikruti or Distorted nature of soul; (5) Fermented, Distortion, Denaturation; (6) Maladies, when thing actually appears as other, emotions, agitation, passion, change of mental condition, deviation
 from any natural state, alteration from natural state.

deficient, inadequate, deprived of a part, with faults, dosh yukt, defective, deficient,

self revealed knowledge without the aid of sense organs e.g. clairvoyance and telepathy knowledge.

(1) Rambling(fickling) of mind (Upyoga) due to rise of passion; (2) Doubt; (3) Thought; (4) Question; (5)
 Abstraction, mental construction, rambling of mind due to rise of passion, option, uncertainty, ambiguity, contrary
 thoughts, different types of ambiguous thoughts arising in the mind vividh kalpanao nu man ma uthavu (6) Type, Alternative, thoughts or think over

fear, unhappiness,agitation, excitement; dread, fright; agony; anxiety; sorrow, disregard

in and out state. some times in the subject and other time goes out of subject. Stays in present and also goes to past and future.

sport, pleasure; enjoyment of carnal pleasures; making merry; amorous or graceful gestures; amorous pastime or sport; coquetry, flirtatious behavior, bliss, aanand, having fun in the game.

Veneration; Reverence; Internal penance; Ethical code; Conduct; Modesty; Respect

counter proposition, of opposite; party; opposed. m. opponent; enemy. Saadhya ke vijaatiy dharm vaale dharmi ko vipakash kahate hai. presence of things to be proved saadhya ", to be absent in similar place is known as vipaksha. e.g. There is fire present on the hill. The fire present in the kitchen is the same as fire present on the hill. So the kitchen is sapaksha. But the pond becomes vipaksha as there is no presence of fire in the water. So kitchen is sapaksha and pond is vipaksha.
One who says something against the truth."

changed results, modification for raag, raag nu parinaman, vikaar parinaman, deluded state, mode which is opposite to the true nature of self.

altered, perverted conviction, contrary attitude, erroneous, perverse, hostile; reverse; unfavorable. .

viparyay, contrariety, inversion; topsy turvy; upheaval; false knowledge; disorder, confusion; destruction; distortion.

antithesis, reversion, illusion, wrong faith, erroneous cognition. e.g to think that shell is silver., contrariety, inversion; topsy turvy; upheaval; false knowledge; disorder, confusion; destruction; distortion.

Opposite; False or erroneous cognition; Wrong knowledge; Antithesis; Reversion; Illusion

cessation; rest, pause; indifference to worldly attachments or pleasures, abstinence, refraining, desirelessness.

(1) Injury happening unavoidably in meeting the aggression in defense of one's person and property; (2)
 Opposition violence

deceiving, attracting by false promises, falsified, spoiled, false assertion, breaking one’s word, disappointing, contradiction,

Wrangling, etc., wrong-belief, envy, back-biting, self-praise, censuring others, etc., and causes a bad-body-making karma.

objects of five senses,object of sense perception, object; object of enjoyment; sexual enjoyment; subject (of study); subject matter; point; region, province, country; aim, object.

(1) Specific; (2) Special; (3) Particular; (4) Common difference, specific, particularity, special, peculiar,
 particular, distinctive

The feelings of soul or the knowlegable objects within soul by help of senses or indriyas.

passion free pure results, visuddh parinam makes one with bondage of auspicious karma.

perfect purity; holiness. state of lack of passions, auspicious inclinations of the soul, In Karan labdhi when vishuddhi word is used then it means that there is purity of tatva gnaan (knowledge of truth) and also of the faith and conduct (shraddhaa and conduct) and also there is fruition of the passions which are going to be disintegrated. In the absence of intense passions when milder passions occur then also is known as visuddhi. Vishuddhi word is used in having auspicious inclinations, as well as purity of the soul’s mode. It

Feeble state of passions.And due to feeble rise of Moha (deluding karma) the evolution of mild passion form of thoughts takes place wherein the reflection on Tattvas (Tattvavichara) be possible; attainment of such capacity is called Vishuddhi Labdhi (feeble state of passions). (Moksha Marg Prakashak 7th chapter samyak sanmukh mithyadrasti)

virtue attainment. And due to feeble rise of Moha (deluding karma) the evolution of mild passion form of thoughts takes place wherein the reflection on Tattvas (Tattvavichara) be possible; attainment of such capacity is called Vishuddhi Labdhi (feeble state of passions). (Moksha Marg Prakashak 7th chapter samyak sanmukh mithyadrasti)

Total freedom from passions; Thoughts leading to life of incarnations; The attitude of dispassion

argument or conjecture following another argument; doubt, suspicion; deliberation, argumentation, imagination, doubt.

the discussion between the student and his teacher about the nature of the spirituality is known as vitraag kathaa.

right knowledge with no infatuation, passionless right knowledge, gnaan chetnaa, cognitive consciousness.

One who is without any desires, Monk with without raag and dwesh and having complete conduct is known as vitrushna. Vitrushna ke bhaav ko vaitrushnya kahate hai

desire to speak; import, speaker's intention, opinion, when one makes particular thing as principle thing and makes rest as secondary then it is known as vivakshaa. The secondary thing is known as avivakshit.

discriminative,discrimination; judgement; discretion; politeness; modesty; etiquette; thrift, awareness,

Vows
 (2) Five Great Vows (mahavratas) are:
 
 1. Ahimsa (not to kill)
 2. Amrisa (not to tell a lie)
 3. Achaurya (not to steal)
 4. Amaithuna (not to indulge in sexual behavior)
 5. Aparigraha (not to have attachments/possessions)
 
 These are to be followed in their most rigorous form, and without lapse, by the monks and nuns. The same five, when prescribed for members of the lay order, become somewhat lenient. These are called Lesser Vows (anuvratas), and then they take the following names:
 
 1. Pranatipata viramana (to desist from killing)
 2. Mirsavada viramana (to desist from telling lies)
 3. Adattadana viramana (not to accept when not rightly bestowed)
 4. Maithuna viramana (to desist from sexual behavior)
 5. Parigraha parimana (to fix the size of acquisition)
 
 To illustrate, a householder is permitted to cook food even though this may mean some slaughter of minute animals. A householder is permitted to indulge in sexual behavior with his wife, but not with any other woman. And so on. This is a restricted form of the vow for the lay followers, consistent with the fulfillment of their responsibility as householders. but to atone for these relaxations, seven more vows have been added for the followers as follows:
1. Bhogopabhoga parimana or limiting objects to be used.
2. Dik parimana or limiting the sphere/direction of movement.
3. Anartha-danda viramana or not to indulge in sinful acts not necessary for the maintenance of oneself or one's family.
4. Samayika or concentrating for a duration of 48
minutes on spiritual themes, which may be repeated several times a day.
5. Desavahasika or setting new limits every day within
the limits already imposed, thereby restricting further and further one's free life.
6. Pausadha or living for a day like a monk, or even for a day and night, raising the restricted vow to the level of total vows.
7. Atithi-sambibhaga or serving monks, nuns, and other dese rving guests.
Of these seven, the first three are called guna- vratas because they intensify the five anuvratas, and the last four are siksavratas, because they are preliminary disciplines for entering into the life of a monk.
 Apart from observing the five Great Vows, the monks are
 required to practice ten virtues, specifically mentioned, and practice elaborate meditation.

(1) Votary, or vower or votarist i.e. One bound by vows to
 a religion or life of worship or service; (2) Samyagdrasti (right believer) who has taken vow of shraavaka; (3) Behavior of Passion

Taking a mental vow to accept food from a house-holder, only if a certain dition is fulfilled, without letting anyone know about the vow–external austerity.

disposition, proclivity, thought arising in mind; working of mind; tendency, inclination, of mind; nature; conduct, parinati ( kanjiswami samaysar 19th lect stanza 204), existence (pravachansar gatha 99)

special restriction for accepting alms. self special restriction consisting in limitation of number of houses etc for accepting alms. this is to overcome desires.

Painfulness of disease (Aadhi – mental worry, Vyadhi – suffering from disease and Upadhi – problem of old age)

concomitant, afflicted, sarvatva felaelu, vyaapelu, afflicted, spread through, pervaded, extended, thoroughly occupied, having invariably inherent property, invariably pervaded, e.g. smoke is invariably attended by fire, pervaded; occupied

It is a foundational principle of inference. It refers to the universal relation between the middle term and the major
 term.

During logic one may have fault in necessary connection, tark ma kareli vyaapti maa dekhaato dosh,

tark, logic, from a specific experience one refers to the general thing, vyakti thi saamaanya no nirdesh thavo te tark kahevay chhe

permeable, penetrable, capable of being attended by any inherent characteristics, sign or middle term of an inference, proof, reason, cause, saadhan, hetu, the state of being pervaded, pervaded, determinate concomitant, one which occupies only part of the area is known as vyaapya, kaaran na pramaan ma kaarya no raheto naano pradesh, felaai jaay tevu, probans, Vyaapti ke vishay ko vyaapya kahate hai. The subject vishay of vyaapti is known as vyaapya. Wherever there is fire, there is smoke. Here smoke is vyaapya. One which remains

relationship of determinate concomitant and determinant concomitant, kartaa karm sambandh, doer deed relationship. Doer kartaa vyaapak is substance and deed karm vyaapya is its mode. (samaysaar kartaa karma adhikaar) According to Samaysaar 181 183 Stanza, vyaapak is mode and vyaapya means substance. There is different view point expressed. As the knowledge of the substance occurs in mode only and therefore mode is kartaa, vyaapak and it knows the substance so it becomes karm vyaapya.

modal knowledge. distinctness of knowledge. This is white cow and that is black cow. This type of specific knowledge is known as vyaavrut pratyay, distinctive knowledge

negation, absence of one in to other, distinctness, discrimination, turn away, free from, mode, parinaam, bhed.

adulteration, going away or deviating from the right course; adultery, unchastity; lapse from duty; anomaly; [logic] absence of invariable concomitance.

reason is there but its cause is not there is known as vyabhichaar dosh. hetu rahane par saadhya ke naa rahane ko vyabhichaar dosh kahate hai. (Pariksha mukh chapter 2 sutra 11)

manifestation, expression, distinct,expressed; evident, open; manifest; revealed, external, baahya, manifest, perceptible, apparent, distinct, visible.

indistinct things, consonant; spot, mark; limb; private part; sauce, vegetable; fan; fanning.

Reciprocal fault, living mixing with matter and vice versa, blending together, combination.

Giving up attachment to the body, etc.–internal austerity, Renunciation of egoistic thoughts