Glossary of Jaina terms
Abhyantara tapa : internal austerity
Abrahma : unchastity
Acharya : the head of a group of sadhus
Adana-niksepa : regulation of actions of taking or placing samiti .
Adharma : medium of rest
Agama : sacred precepts
Aghatiya karma : the non-destructive karma
Ahimsa : abstention from injury to living beings
Ailaka : the grade of ascetics of Digambara sect below that of Nirgrantha grade
Ajiva : non-soul, non-living substance
Akasa : space
Aksata : sacred rice
Amanaska jivas : souls having no mind
Anagara-dharma : ethical code for non-householders, i.e. ascetics
Ananta-chatustaya : infinite quaternary
Ananta-darsana : infinite perception
Ananta jnana : infinite knowledge
Ananta-sukha : infinite bliss
Ananta-virya : infinite power
Anarthadanda-vrata : a vow to abstain from wanton unnecessary activities
Anasana : fasting
Anatmavada : belief in the non-existence of soul
Anekanta : manifoldness
Anekuntavada : many-sided view-point, doctrine of manifold aspects
Anga : essential requisite, component, limb
Anihnava : without concealment of knowledge
Antaraya karma : the obstructive-karma
Anumana : inference
Anupreksa : reflection
Anu-vrata : a small vow
Anu-vrata : the small vow movement Andolana
Aparigraha : abstention from greed for worldly possessions
Apauraseya : of non-human origin
Apavadiki nivrtii : partial renunciation
Ap-kaya. jivas : water-bodied souls
Apta : Tirthaakara
Arati : waving of lights in front of an idol
Arjika : a female ascetic
Artha : wealth, worldly prosperity, meaning
Asatya : falsehood
Asrama : a stage in life
Asrava : the attraction of karmic matter towards the soul
Asubha-asrava : influx of vice or demeritorious karmas into the soul
Asteya : abstention from theft
Atichara : transgression, short-coming Atithi-saritvibhaga- : a vow to feed ascetics and/or pious house-vrata holders
Atman : soul, spirit
Atmavada : belief in existence of soul
Autsargiki nivrtii : complete renunciation
Avadht jnana : clairvoyant knowledge of matter
Avamodarya : eating less
Avasarpini : descending
Avasyakas : necessary daily duties
Avatara : incarnation
Avidyu : ignorance
Avirati : vowlessness, non-renunciation
Aviveka : want of discrimination
Ayu-karma : the age-determining karma
Baddha jivas : souls in bondage
Bahumana : great honour or zeal
Bahya parigraha : actual possession of worldly objects
Bahya-tapa : external austerities
Bala-mada : pride of power, pride of one’s own strength
Bandha : bondage of soul by karmic matter
Bhakti : faith, devotion
Bharata-varsa : India, i.e., the country named after Bharata, the eldest son of the first Jaina Tiratharikara Adinatha
Bhasa-samiti : regulation of mode of speech
Bhattaraka : a Dharma-guru of Digambara Jainas
Bhavana : contemplation
Bhogabhumi : enjoyment-region
Bisapantha : ‘ name of a sub-sect of Digambara Jainas Brahmacharya : abstention from unchastity or sexuality
Brahmacharyaasrama : the first stage in life of study and preparation
Chaitya : idol or statue
Chaityalaya : a temple
Chaityavirsi : temple residents, another name of Murtipujaka sub-sect of Swetambara sect
Chakravarti : Emperor, a paramount sovereign
Charitra : biographies of great teachers and personages Chatur-indriya Jivas : souls having first four senses of touch, taste, smell and sight
Chaturyama Dharma : fourfold religion
Chaurya : theft
Chhedopasthapana : recovery of lost equanimity
Dana : charity
Darsanavaraniya karma : the conation-obscuring karma
Dasalaksana dharma : observance of ten virtues
Deravasi : temple residents, another name of Murtipnjaka sub-sect of Swetambara sect
Desa-vrata : a vow to limit worldly activity to a particular area
Deva-gati : clestial condition of existence
Deva-mudhata : belief in false gods
Deva puja : worship of God
Dharma : religion, religious merit, virtue, medium of motion
Dharma-guru : a religious authority
Dhrauvya : permanence
Dhundhia : searchers, another name of Sthanakavast sub- sect of Svetambara sect
Dhyana : meditation, concentration of mind
Digambara : sky-clad, naked, name of a major sect of Jainas
Digvrata : a vow to limit worldly activity to fixed points in all directions
Diksa : initiation
Diksa-vidhi : initiation rite
Dravya : substance
Dravya-naya : the substantial point of view
Dvi-indriya ji vas : Souls having first two senses of touch and taste
Esana samiti : regulation of seeking or eating food
Evambhuta Naya : the ‘such-like’ standpoint
Ganadhara : spokesman of Tirtharikara
Gati : form of existence
Ghatiya karma : the destructive karma
Gotra karma : the family-determining karma
Grantha : book, correct use of the words
Grharambhi himsa : accidental injury, injury due to household activities
Grhastha-asrama : the second stage in life of a householder
Guna : quality
Guna-vrata : a multiplicative vow
Gupti : regulation, control
Guru : teacher, preceptor, guide
Gurupasti : worship of the preceptor
Himsa : injury
Irya-samiti : regulation of walking
Jaina : a follower of Jaina religion
Jaina-dharma : Jaina religion
Jati-mada : pride of caste
Jina : spiritual victor
Jina-dharma : Jaina religion
Jinakalpi Sadhu : an ascetic who observes prescribed rules of conduct in the strictest form
Jiva : soul, spirit, living substance
Jnana : knowledge
Jnana-mada : pride in learning
Janavaraniya karma : the knowledge-obscuring karma
Kala : time, period, age
Kama : pleasure, want
Kalpa : a unit of the cosmic time
Kamandalu : a wooden water pot
Kanksa : desire for sense pleasures
Karma : subtle particles of matter
Karmabhumi : life based on efforts
Karunya : compassion for the afflicted beings
Kasaya : passion
Kaya-gupti : regulation of bodily activity
Kayaklesa : mortification of the body
Kaya yoga : activity of body
Kayotsarga : the way of practising penance in a standing posture
Kevalajirana : pure infinite knowledge
Kevala-Jnani : the omniscient
Kevali : the omniscient
Kevala Jina : the Jina who has attained Kevala jnana
Krodha : anger
Ksullaka : the lowest grade of ascetics of Digambara sect
Kulakara : law giver,
Kula-mada : pride of family
Lanchhana : emblem
Loka : universe
Lobha : greed
Laka-mudhata : belief in superstitions
Mada : pride, arrogance
Madhya-marga : middle path
Madhyastha : indifferent to ill-behaved persons
Maha-vrata : a great vow
Maitri : friendship
Mana : pride
Manahparyayajnana : capacity to know other’s mind
Mandira-margi : temple goers, another name of Murtipujaka sub-sect of Svetambara sect
Mano-gupti : control of mind
Mano yoga : activity of mind
Manu : law giver
Manusya-gati : human form
Matha : monastery
Mati jnana : sense-knowledge
Maya : deception, illusion
Mithyadarsana : wrong belief
Mtihyatva : wrong belief
Mohaniya karma : the deluding-karma
Moksa : attainment of complete freedom of the soul from karmic matter, salvation
Moksa-marga : way to salvation
Mudhata : superstitious belief
Mukta ji va : a liberated soul
Mukti : complete liberation or emancipation
Mula-gunas : basic attributes, root-virtues
Mumhapatti : a piece of white cloth kept always on the mouth by Svetambara sadhus
Muni : an ascetic
Muni-dharma : ethical code for ascetics
Murtipujaka : idol-worshipper, a major sub-sect of Svetambara sect