Chapter 2
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Chapter 2
SOULS
vkSi’kfed{kkf;dkS HkkokS feJ’p thoL;
Lor�o&ekSnf;d&ikfj.kkfedkS pAA 1AA
Aupashamikakshayikau bhavau mishrashcha
jivasya swatattva-maudayika-parinamikau cha
_The distinctive character-istics of the soul are the disposi-tions (thought-activities) arising from subsidence, destruction, destruc- tion-cum-subsidence of karmas, the rise of karmas and the inherent nature or capacity of the soul.
f} uok”Vkn’kSdfoa’kfr&f=Hksnk ;Fkk& �ee~AA 2AA
Dvi navashtadashaikavinshati-tribheda yathakramam
_These five types of disposition are of two, nine, eighteen, twenty-one and three kinds respectively.
lE;DRo&pkfj=sAA 3AA
Samyaktvacharitre
_The two kinds of disposition arising from subsidence are right belief and right conduct.
Kku&n’kZu&nku&ykHk&HkksxksiHkksx& oh;kZf.k pAA 4AA
Gyana-darshana-dana-labha-bhogopabhoga-viryani cha
_The nine kinds of disposition arising from destruction are the destruction of karmas affecting the knowledge, perception, charity, gain, enjoyment, re-enjoyment, prowess, right belief and conduct.
KkukKkun’kZuyC/k;’prqfL=f=iapHksnk%
lE;DRopkfj=la;ekla;ek’pAA 5AA
Gyanagyana-darshana-labdhaya-shchatustritri-panchabhedah samyaktvacharitra-sanyama-sanyamashcha
_The eighteen kinds of disposition arising from destruction-cum-subsidence are knowledge four (sensory, scriptural, clairvoyance and telepathy), three erroneous knowledge (erroneous sensory and scriptural knowledge and erroneous clairvoyance), three perception (ocular perception, non-ocular perception, clairvoyance perception and perfect perception), five attainment (gift, gain, enjoyment, re-enjoyment and energy), right faith, right conduct and mix of restraint and non-restraint.
xfr&d”kk;&fyax&feF;kn’kZukKkukla;rk& fl)&ys’;k’prq’prqL=~;sdSdSdSd”kM~ Hksnk%AA 6AA
Gati-kashaya-linga-mithya-darshana-gyana-
sanyata-siddha-leshyashchatuschatustrye-
kaikaikaika-shadbhedah
_The twenty one kind of rise of karmas relate to the condition of existence, the passions, sex, erroneous belief, erroneous knowledge, non-restraint, non-attainment of salvation (imperfect disposition) and thought colouration (leshya), which are of four, four, three, one, one, one, one and six kinds respectively.
thoHkO;kHkO;Rokfu pAA 7AA
Jivabhavyabhavyatvani cha
_The three inherent nature of soul are the principle of life (consciousness), capacity for salvation and incapacity for salvation.
mi;ksxks y{k.ke~AA 8AA
Upayogo laksanam
_Consciousness is the differentia (distinctive character-istic) of the soul.
l f}fo/kks�”VprqHksZn%AA 9AA
Sa dvividho (a)shtachaturbhedah
_Consciousness is of two kinds i.e. knowledge and perception. And these in turn are of eight kinds the sensory, scriptural, clairvoyance, telepathy and omniscience, and erroneous sensory, scriptural and clairvoyance and four kinds (ocular, non-ocular, clairvoyance and perfect) respectively.
lalkfj.kks eqDrk’pAA 10AA
Sansarino muktashcha
_The souls are of two types-the transmigrating
and the emancipated souls.
leuLdkeuLdk%AA 11AA
Samanaskamanaskah
_The two kinds of transmigrating souls
are with and without minds.
lalkfj.kL=l&LFkkojk%AA 12AA
Sansarinastrasa-sthavarah
_The transmigrating souls are also divided into two kinds i.e.
the mobile and the immobile beings.
i‘fFkO;Irstksok;qouLir;% LFkkojk%AA 13AA
Prthivyaptejovayuvanaspatayah sthavarah
_The immobile beings are of five kinds having earth, water, fire, air and vegetation as their body.
}hfUnz;kn;L=lk%AA 14AA
Dvindriyadayastrasah
The mobile beings are from the two-sensed beings onwards.
iapsfUnz;kf.kAA 15AA
Panchendriyani
The senses are five-touch, taste, smell, sight and hear.
f}fo/kkfuAA 16AA
Dvividhani
Each of the senses is of to two kinds i.e. material and emotional.
fuo‘Z��qidj.ks nzO;sfUnz;e~AA 17AA
Nirvrattyupakarane dravyendriyam
_The material sense consists of accomplishment of the organ itself and means or instruments alongwith its protecting environment.
yC/kqi;ksxkS HkkosfUnz;e~AA 18AA
Labdhyupayogau bhavendriyam
The emotional sense consists of attainment and consciousness.
Li’kZu&jlu&?kzk.k&p{kq%Jks=kf.kAA 19AA
Sparshana-rasana-ghrana-chakshuh-shrotrani
_Touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing are
the five senses. Here the sense refers to
the body organ e.g. eyes for the sight.
Li’kZ&jl&xU/k&o.kZ&’kCnkLrnFkkZ%AA 20AA
Sparsha-rasa-gandha-varna-shabdastadarthah
_Touch, taste, smell, colour and sound
are the objects of the senses.
JqrefufUnz;L;AA 21AA
Srutamanindriyasya
Scriptural knowledge is the province of the mind.
ouLiR;Urkukesde~AA 22AA
Vanaspatyantanamekam
_Up to the end of vegetation being (i.e. all immobile beings)
possess one sense of touch.
d‘fe&fiihfydk&Hkzej&euq”;knhukesdSd& o‘)kfuAA 23AA
Krami-pipilika-bhramara-
manusya-dinamekaika-vraddhani
_The worm, the ant, the bee and man, etc. have each
one more sense than the preceding one.
lafKu% leuLdk%AA 24AA
Sanginah samanaskah
_The five-sensed beings with mind (capability to receive and judge the good and the bad) are called sangyi
foxzgxrkS deZ;ksx%AA 25AA
Vigrahagatau karmayogah
_In transit from one body to another, there
is vibration of the karmic body only.
vuqJsf.k xfr%AA 26AA
Anushreni gatih
Transit takes place in rows (straight lines) in space.
vfoxzgk thoL;AA 27AA
Avigraha jivasya
_The movement of a liberated soul is
straight upwards without a bend.
foxzgorh p lalkfj.k% izkd~prqH;Z%AA 28AA
Vigrahavati cha sansarinah prakchaturbhyah
_The movement of the transmigrating souls is with bend and can take up to the four instants, which is for movement with three bends. Each bend requires one additional instant.
,dle;k�foxzgkAA 29AA
Ekasamaya (a)vigraha
_Movement without a bend takes one instant.
,d }kS =hUok�ukgkjd%AA 30AA
Ekam dvau trinva(a)naharakah
_During movement upto the last bend the soul remains
non-assimilative for one, two or three instants.
lEewPNZu&xHkksZiiknk tUeAA 31AA
Sammurchchhana-garbhopapada- janma
_Birth is by spontaneous generation,
from the uterus or in the special bed.
Sachitta-shita-samvrtah setara
mishrashchaika-shastadyonayah
_Living matter, cold, covered, their opposites and
their combinations are the nuclei severally.
tjk;qtk.Mt&iksrkuka xHkZ%AA 33AA
Jarayujandaja-potanam garbhah
_Uterine birth is of three kinds, umbilical (with a sac covering), incubatory (from an egg) and unumbilical (without a sac covering).
nso&ukjdk.kkeqiikn%AA 34AA
Deva-narkanamupapada
_The birth of celestial and infernal beings,
is by instantaneous rise in special beds.
‘ks”kk.kka lEewPNZue~AA 35AA
Sheshanam sammurcchhanam
_The birth of the rest of the beings is by spontaneous generation.
vkSnkfjd&oSf�f;dkgkjd&rStl&dkeZ.kkfu ‘kjhjkf.kAA 36AA
Audarika-vaikriyikaharaka- taijasa-karmanani sharirani
_The ornamental or physical, the transformable,
the projectable, the luminous (electric) and
the karmic are the five types of bodies.
ija ija lw{ee~AA 37AA
Param param sukshmam
_The bodies are more and more subtle successively.
izns’krks�la[;s;xq.ka izkDrStlkr~AA 38AA
Pradeshato(a)sankhyeyagunam praktaijasat
_Prior to the luminous body, each
has innumberable times the number of
space-points of the previous one.
vuUrxq.ks ijsAA 39AA
Anantagune pare
_The last two have infinite times the
space points of the previous one.
vizrh?kkrsAA 40AA
Apratighate
_The last two are without impediment.
vukfnlEcU/ks pAA 41AA
Anadisambandhe cha
The last two are of beginning-less association with the soul.
loZL;AA 42AA
Sarvasya
The last two are associated with all transmigratory souls.
rnknhfu HkkT;kfu ;qxinsd&fLeUuk& prqH;Z%AA 43AA
Tadadini bhajyani yugapadeka-sminna-chaturbhyah
_Commencing with these (luminous and karmic), up to four bodies can be had simultaneously by a single soul since a soul can have at a time either physical or transformable body.
fu#iHkksxeUR;e~AA 44AA
Nirupabhogamantyam
_The last (the karmic) is not the means of enjoyment.
xHkZ&lEewPNZutek|e~AA 45AA
Garbha-sammurchchhanaja-madyam
_The first (physical body) is of uterine
birth or spontaneous generation.
vkSiikfnda oSf�f;de~AA 46AA
Aupapadikam vaikriyikam
The transformable body originates by birth in special beds.
yfC/kizR;;a pAA 47AA
Labdhipratyayam cha
_Attainment through special penance is also the
cause of the origin of transformable body.
rStlefiAA 48AA
_The luminous body is also caused by attainment.
‘kqHka fo’kq)eO;k?kkfr pkgkjda ize�k& la;rL;SoAA 49AA
Shubham vishuddhamavyaghati
chaharkam pramatta-sanyatasyaiva
_The projectable body, which is auspicious and pure and without impediment, originates in the ascetic of the sixth stage only for clearing any doubts.
ukjd&lEewfPNZuks uiqaldkfuAA 50AA
Naraka-sammurchchhino napunsakani
_The infernal beings and the spontaneoulsy
generated are of the neuter sex.
u nsok%AA 51AA
Na devah
_The celestial beings are not of neuter sex.
‘ks”kkfL=osnk%AA 52AA
Sheshastrivedah
_The rest of the transmigratoy souls
can have any of the three sexes.
vkSiikfnd&pjeks�kensgkla[;s;o”kkZ;q”kks�u& ioR;kZ;q”k%AA 53AA
Aupapadika-charamottamade-
hasankhyeyavarshayusho(a)na- pavartyayushah
_The lifetime of living beings born in special beds, those with absolute superior bodies and those with innumberable years, cannot be cut short.
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Nature Of Soul
The thought-activities of a living being are guided by the following:
Subsidence (waning) of karma
Destruction of karma
Destruction-cum-subsidence of karma
Fruition of karma
Inherent nature of the soul
The distinguishing characteristic of the soul is consciousness.
Classification of Souls
The two kinds of souls:
Worldly souls
Liberated souls
The two kinds of worldly souls:
With mind
Without mind
Another classification of worldly souls:
Mobile
Immobile
The immobile living beings are of five kinds:
Earth-bodied
Water-bodied
Fire-bodied
Air-bodied
Vegetable-bodied
The immobile living beings have the sense of touch only.
The mobile living beings have two or more senses.
Worms, ants, bees, and men each have one more sense than the preceding one.
There are five senses.
The five senses are touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing.
Material form and instrument constitute physical senses.
Capacity of sensory cognition and consciousness constitute abstract senses.
The living beings with mind are thinkers.
In the course of transit from one body to another, a worldly soul is guided by karma.
The bodies of living beings are made up of five components:
Physical body
Fluid body
Assimilative body
Splendorous (energetic) body
Karmic body
The above components of bodies are successively more and more subtle.
Splendorous and karmic bodies are without impediment.
The association of soul with these two components of bodies is without beginning.
All worldly souls have these two components of bodies.
In addition to the splendorous and karmic bodies, a living being can have up to four components of bodies simultaneously.