Believing that it is our responsibility to discover the ways to avert the imminent catastrophe threatening our existence;

Recognising that non-violence (ahimsa) has in it a potential to resolve this crisis and it is time we gave serious thought to the question of training people in no-violent action for social change and universal peace;

Bearing in mind that the unity of the forces of peace and non-violence is a must to meet the challenge of violence as enunciated in the recommendations in the Ladnun Declaration issued by the delegates of the First International Conference on Peace and Non-violent Action held at Ladnun (Rajasthan), India from December 5 to 7, 1988;

Considering that the Second International Conference on Peace and Non-violent Action has been organised from February 17 to 21, 1991 as a follow up action of the recommendations of the First ICPNA with the main aim of involving peace activists, theorists, scientists, spiritual leaders and persons concerned from all walks of life in formulating a universally acceptable programme of action for the orientation and training of people belonging to different ideologies, faiths and cultural traditions in ahimsa (non-violence);

Expressing our heartfelt thanks to ANUVIBHA for its continuing leadership in this endeavour,

In Consonance with the spirit of the above considerations, we citizens of the world hailing from all continents, who have assembled here in the idyllic surrounding of Vishva Shanti Nilayam (Global Peace Palace), Rajsamand, India, to participate in this most significant conference, recognise that we have a common overriding goal of attaining peace and justice through non-violent action. We offer the RAJSAMAND DECLARATION ON TRAINING IN NONVIOLENCE (AHIMSA) for peace and sustainable development in the form of the following observations and recommendations:

The 2nd ICPNA is a humble attempt to build a structure of peace and non-violence. However, peace is not merely the absence of war nor non-violence only abstinence from physical violence. It is a holistic and positive concept encompassing all manifestations of life and society on the Earth. It includes both structural peace and ecological balance. Non-violence implies active and dynamic love, respect and reverence for all living beings that inhabit this planet, attributes of equality, human dignity, poise, harmony and resistance to tyranny and injustice.

For the past many years, humankind has evolved and invented numerous methods of training in violence and war. We have been spending enormous material and human resources on them at the cost of mass hunger, illiteracy and environmental damage. Besides, violence has been growing menacingly in different forms. The complexity of the situation that the world faces today makes it mandatory for us to move further from the principle of peaceful coexistence towards a more active principle of co-operation. Hence, training in non-violence is imperative in modem times. If we fail to evolve a viable scientific system to train and orient people in ahimsa, we shall be failing in our most important duty towards humanity and society.

To train people in non-violence, we must combine the aspects of both individual and community growth and build an integrated personality with appropriate training of hand, head and heart which will facilitate the structural and functional excellence of social development. The objective of this training is to enable all peoples to gain an insightful understanding of non-violence and peace and the spiritual values on which they rest, equip them with skills for individual and mass non-violent action, prepare them for democratic leadership in conflict resolution through non-violence and help them develop attitudes for harmonious living.

We seek participation of concerned young people from all over the world. Training in non-violence has both its individual and social dimensions. It should employ such methods as meditation to bring about a change of heart and attitude in the individuals, persuassion, personal example, willingness to suffer rather than injure another, moral uprightness, practice of sharing one's resources with the other, faith in the essential goodness of all humans and regard for the basic human rights of all. The other tools of training may include regular classes, community living, games and sanitation. Training should encourage constructive programmes and social service. It should also take special care of developing the ability among the trainees to understand the pulse of the people, public opinion, training in communications and in audio-visual programmes. Equally essential is the training in the organisation and leadership of non-violent action. It involves investigation of the problem, negotiation, conciliation, arbitration and other processes of conflict resolution such as mobilisation of opinion, planning, preparation, use of different forms of non-violent direct action including non-cooperation, civil disobedience and fasting etc.

Education is the most important instrument of training in non-violence because it shapes and moulds the human mind. Training in non-violence and peace should be introduced in education both at the formal and informal levels to bring an attitudinal transformation.

We make the following recommendations and declare that their adoption by the institutions and individuals of the world will pave the way for a peaceful and non-violent world order.

1) UNESCO, National Government and Voluntary Organisations working in the field of education as well as in the other areas of human welfare should evolve a programme to introduce global peace education and training in non-violence both at the formal and informal levels of education.

2) We the delegates to the 2nd ICPNA who have helped in the formulation of this Declaration take upon us and recommend that all non-governmental organisations should endeavour to create awareness of the importance of non-violence at all social levels in order that there might be a strong public opinion against expenditure on armaments and war, leading to a political determination to gradually abolish the institutions of war and in their place establish institutions of peace.

(a) For the proper implementation of the recommendations contained in the Declaration, a standing committee consisting of the representatives of the sponsoring organisations of the 2nd ICPNA shall be constituted with Mr. S.L. Gandhi (ANUVIBHA, Jaipur, India) as Convenor.

The sponsoring organisations are as follows:

1) International Peace Bureau, Geneva (Switzerland).

2) Centre for Global Non-violence Planning Project, Institute for Peace, University of Hawaii, USA.

3) The Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation, UK.

4) Non-violence Study Group, IPRA, University of Colarado, USA.

5) New York State Martin Luther King Jr. Institute for Non-violence, Albany, USA.

6) Institute of Oriental Philosophy, Tokyo, Japan.

7) Xavier Peace Centre, Xavier University, Philippines.

8) Association of World Citizens, San Francisco, USA.

9) World interfaith Colleges Association, Victoria, Canada.

10) International Federation of World Religions, World Peace Envoy, Thailand.

11) Seville Statement on Violence Support Network.

12) Jain Vishya Bharati, Ladnun.

13) Gandhi Peace Foundation, New Delhi.

14) University for Peace, Costa Rica.

(b) The standing committee shall through its convenor invite other organisations to join them by endorsing the Ladnun Declaration, an action plan for world peace and the Rajsamand Declaration on Training in Non-violence.

(c) The standing committee shall, by a process to be decided by the convenor on the advice of its members, select from among themselves representatives of not more than 7 organisations to act as an Executive Committee to work for the implementation of the Ladnun and Rajsamand Declarations.