( Some special days of worship and fasting )
Generally, festivals are celebrations and jubilations
characterized by excitement, enthusiasm, enjoyments and entertainments;
but the Jain festivals are characterized by renunciation, austerities,
study of the scriptures, repetition of holy hymns, meditation, and
expressing devotion for the Paramatma. Even those people who are caught
in the meshes of mundane life, according to their ability and
conveniences, get free from the worldly entanglements to the extent
possible and become immersed in worship and meditation Renunciation and
austerity constitute the very foundation of the Jain Dharma.
Paryushan Mahaparva
The Paryushan is the most important festival among the
Jain festivals; and it is observed during every Chaturmas commencing on
the twelfth day of the fortnight of the waning moon, in Bhadrapad and
ending on the fourth day of the fortnight of the waxing moon in the
Bhadrapad. During these eight days, the entire Jain Society becomes
spellbound in an atmosphere of enthusiasm and felicity. All Jains, the
young and the old perform Atthai Tap - fasting for eight days at a time.
Some men and women; and even children take the vow of Paushadh Vrat also
for eight days During these days, the spiritual preceptors read out and
explain in detail the Kalpasutra, the most sacred scripture of the Jains.
All the members of the congregation listen to that explanation,
overwhelmed with the emotion of devotion. Seven days are days of
attainment and the eighth day is one of fulfillment or achievement In this
manner,the Samvatsari Mahaparva the annual festival is celebrated.
Listening to the holy voice of the spiritual preceptors when they explain
the 1250 fundamental Sutras; performing the Samvatsarik Pratikraman, (the
annual atonement) for seeking the forgiveness of those people whom one
hates or against whom one nurses a grudge; forgetting all hatred and
spite-these, constitute the Samvatsarik aradhana -the annual atonement.
Navpad Oli
This has been described under the section, dealing with
austerities. During the days of this festival, every day, worship is
offered to the Navpad; and a dramatic performance of the story of Shripal
and Mayana is carried out.
The birthday of Mahavir
The birthday of Shraman Bhagwan, the last Tirthankar,
is celebrated on the thirteenth day of the fortnight of the waxing moon,
in the month of Chaitra. On this occasion, a grand chariot procession,
community worship, glorification of the Lord, discussions, discourses,
seminars and devotional and spiritual activities are organized. On this
day, a magnificent celebration takes place at Kshatriy Kund in Bihar
because Bhagwan Mahavir was born there.
Diwnli
Diwali is celebrated on the new-moon day of Kartik. On
the night of that day, Mahavirswami attained Nirvan or deliverance and
attained to a state of absolute bliss. The Lord discarded the body and the
bondage of all Karmas on that night, at Pavapuri and attained Mukti or
deliverance. Chaturdasi (the fourteenth day of the bleak fortnight of
Kartik), the full-moon day and the new year (the first day of the
fortnight of the waxing moon in Kartik - These three days are celebrated
with Paushadh, fasting, special repetition of holy hymns, and meditation.
People should fast on the Chafurdasi (14th day) and the new-moon day and
listen to the Uttaradhyayan Sutra which contains the final message of Lord
Mahavir. The whole of the night of Diwali should be spent in the
recitation of holy hymns and in meditation on Shraman Bhagwan Mahavir. In
the early morning of the first day of the new year, Ganadhar Gautam Swami,
the first disciple of Lord Mahavir attained absolute enlightenment. The
Jains begin the new year with a glorification of Lord Gautam Swami; and
listen with devotion to the nine Stotras holy hymns and with listening to
the auspicious Rasa (epical poem) of Gautam Swami from their Guru Maharaj.
Bhai Beej
The festival day for brothers.
When Raja Nandivardhan, the brother of Shraman Bhagawan
Mahavir was steeped in sorrow and anguish on account of the latter's
nirvan (attainment of Mukti) his sister, Sudarshana took him to her house
and comforted him. This happened on the second day of the fortnight of the
waxing moon, in Kartik. This day is observed as Bhai Beej. This festival
is like Raksha Bandhan. On the day of Rakshabandhan, the sister goes to
the brother and ties the Raksha; but on this day, the sister invites her
brother to her house to felicitate him.
Jnan Panchami
(The holy day for acquiring knowledge)
Jnan Panchami is the name given to the celebration that
takes place on the 5th day of the fortnight of the waxing moon in Kartik
(the 5th day after Diwali). This day has been fixed for the worship of
pure knowledge; and on this day, by way of worshipping knowledge, fasting,
taking Paushadh, devavandan (offering veneration to Gods). holy
recitation, meditation, Pratikraman etc., are carried out. Moreover. the
books preserved in the religious libraries are cleansed and worshipped .
Ashadh Chaturdasi
The sacred commencement of Chaturmas takes place on the
14th day of the fortnight of the waxing moon, in the month of Ashad. The
Jain Sadhus and Sadhvis remain where they happen to be on that day until
the 14th day of Kartik Shukla. They have to stay there. During these four
months. among the Jains, many austerities like renunciation, tapasya,
undertaking of religious ceremonies, etc., are organized. Even in respect
of eating and drinking during these days, some rules have been prescribed.
Kartik Poornima
The full moon day of Kartik
The Chaturmas that begins on Ashadh Chaturdashi comes
to an end on the full moon day in Kartik. After this, the Jain Sadhus and
Sadhvis begin their wandering Padyatra i.e., travel on foot. A pilgrimage
to Shatrunjay-Palitana on this day is considered to be of great
importance. Thousands of Jains go on pilgrimages on this day. This day
also is celebrated as the birthday of Kalikalasarvajna, Acharya Bhagavant
Srivijay Hemachandrasooriji who was born on this day. (in Vikram Samvat
1134 or 1078 A.D.).
Maun Ekadashi
(The holy day for observing silence).
Maun Ekadashi falls on the 11th day of the fort-night
of the waxing moon in the month of Margshirsh. This is an important day
for Jains on which they observe total silence-Maun and carry outsuch
austerities as Paushadh vrat, fasting, worshipping of gods, meditation
etc. This is the day on which the great events relating to the one hundred
and fifty Jineswaras are celebrated by means of holy recitation. The story
of Suvrat Shresthi is connected with this day.
Paush dashami
This day is famous as the birthday of Bhagwan
Parshwanath. On the 10th day of Pushya, hundreds and thousands of Jain men
and women perform the tapasya of 3 Upavas-attham (continuous fasting for 3
days) and by means of recitation and meditation they try to attain
spiritual welfare. A grand fair takes place in Sankheswar which is a
sacred place for Jains. Thousands of people gather here and perform the
austerity of Attham.
Akshay Tritiya
Those noble people who perform the austerity of
Varsitap complete the austerity on this day by taking sugar-cane juice in
the cool shadow of Shatrunjay. Bhagwan Rishabdev performed the Parana
(completion of an austerity) on this day after fasting for one year
continuously. This day is considered to be very auspicious for going on a
pilgrimage to Shatrunjay. This falls on the 3rd day of the bright
fortnight of Vaishakh.
