GLOSSARY OF JAINA TERMS

Naigama-naya : the figrative point of view

Nama karma : the body-making karma

Naraka-gatl : hellish form

Naya : a particular point of view, a mode of expressing things

Nayavada : system of describing reality from different points of view

Nirgrantha : naked, a naked ascetic, the highest grade of Digambar ascetics

Nirjara : gradual removal of karmic matter from the soul

Nirvana : salvation, liberation

Nischaya naya : the realistic point of view

Niyoga : levirate

Pakhandi mudhata : belief in false ascetics

Pancha-indriya : souls having all five senses of touch, taste, Jivas smell, sight and hearing Pdpa . demerit

Paramasravaka : best householder

Parigraha : worldly attachments and possessions

Parigraha parimana : limitation of worldly attachments

Parigraha-parimana : a vow not to exceed worldly attachmentsvrata beyond a pre-determined limit

Parihara-visuddhi : pure and absolute non-injury

Parisaha : suffering, hardship, affliction

Parisaha-jaya : subdual of sufferings

Paryaya : mode or form

p'arvaya-naya : the modal point of view

PFchhi : a peacock-feather whisk-broom

Pramada : carelessness

Pramada yoga : careless activity of mind, speech or body

Pramana : means of acquiring knowledge

Pramoda : delight for better qualified persons

Pratikramana : the recitation of the formulae of confession of past faults

Pratima : a stage of ethical progress in a householder's life

Pratyakhyana : the recitation of the formulae for averting future faults

Prayaschitta : expiation

Prthvi-kaya jivas : earth-bodied souls

Prosadhopavasa vrata : a vow to fast on the four days of a month

Pudgala : matter

Puja : worship

Puja-mada : pride in worship

Pujera : worshippers, another name of Mnrtipnjaka sub-sect of Swetambara sect

Punya : merit

Purana : a biography of great teachers or persons

Rasa parityaga : renunciation of one or more delicacies in food

Ratna-traya : the three Jewels, viz., samyag-darsana, jnana and charitra

Rddhi-mada : pride of wealth or accomplishments

Rjusutra Naya : the standpoint of momentariness

Sachitta : flowers, fruits and green vegetables

Sadhu : a male ascetic

Sadhu-margi : followers of Sadhus, another name of Sthanakavasi sub-sect

Sadhvi : a female ascetic

Sagara-dharma : ethical code for householders

Sakala-charitra : complete or unqualified conduct

Sallekhanad : ritual peaceful voluntary death by fasting
Samabhirudha the specific standpoint
naya .

Samanaska fl vas : souls having mind

Snmanva kevali : the Jina or the omniscient involved in his own salvation

Samayika : equanimity, meditation

Samiti : carefulness

Sarirsara : cycle of transmigration

Sarri.san ji vas : mundane souls, embodied souls

Samyag-darsana : right belief

Samyag jnana : right knowledge

Samyak : right

Samyak-charitra : right conduct

Samyaktva : firm faith in Jaina religion/ realities

Sariryama : practice of self-control

Samvara : the stopping of asrava

Sarigraha naya : the class point of view

Sarikalpa : preconceived idea

Sankalpi hirrrsa : intentional injury

Samsaya : doubt

Sannyasa-irsrama : the last life stage of absolute renunciation

Sapta-bhangi : another name of Anekantavada, the doctrine of seven-fold predication

Sat : reality

Satya : truth, abstention from false speech,real

Sabda naya : the verbal view point

Sarikica : doubt, scepticism

Sastra : scripture

Siksa-vratas : disciplinary vows

Sila-vratas : supplementary vows

Sravaka : male householder, a layman

Suvaka-dharma : ethical code for layman

Savaka-gunas : qualities of an ideal householder

Sravika : female householder, a lay-woman

Sruta jnana : scriptural knowledge

Subha-asrava : influx of virtue or meritorious karmas

Suddha amnaya : pure and sacred tradition

Sukla.dhyana : pure meditation

Svetambf ra : white-clad, name of a major sect of Jainas

Siddha ji va : a liberated soul

Sopadana : propriety of behaviour

Sthanaka : a building meant for prayer and religious activities

Sthanakavirsi : a major sub-sect of Swetambara sect, Sthanaka-residents

Sthavara jiva : immobile soul

Sthavirakalpi : ascetics who observe their rules of conduct

Sadhus : in a milder form

Suksma-samparaya : all but entire freedom from passion

Sutra : aphoristic expression

Svadhyaya : study of scriptures

Svastika : the particular sign considered propitious

Syadvada : many-sided view-point, the doctrine of qualified assertion

Syat : in some respect, some how, in a way

Tapa : penance, austerity

Tapa-mada : pride of penance or religious austerities

Tirana pantha : name of a sub-sect of Digambara sect

Tattva : principle, reality

Tejah-kaya jiva : a fire-bodied soul

Terapantha : name of a major sub-sect of Digambara sect, name of a major sub-sect of Swetambara sect

Tirtha : the contrivance which helps to cross the great ocean of worldly life

Tirthatikara : one who makes the Ti.'rtha, ford-maker across the stream of existence, Great Guide, promulgator

Tirthankara Kevali : the Kevali showing the path of salvation to all beings

Tiryancha-gati : sub-human form "

Trasa jiva : a mobile soul

T'ri-indriya jivas : souls having first-three senses of touch, taste
and smell

Udyami himsa : occupational injury

Upabhoga-paribhoga�parimana-vrata : a vow to limit enjoyment of consumable

and non-consumable things

Upadhyaya : the sadhu in charge of instruction

Upamana : analogy

Upasraya : a building meant for stay of Swetambara

ascetics

Utpada : origination, appearance

Utsarga-samiti : regulation of movements connected with

answering calls of nature

Utsarpini : ascending

Uttama-akinchanya : supreme non-attachment

Uttama-arjava : supreme simplicity

Uttama�brahmacharya : supreme chastity

Uttama-dharma : supreme virtue

Uttama-ksama : supreme forgiveness

Uttama-mardava : supreme humility or tenderness

Uttama-sa�tyama : supreme self-restraint

Uttama-satya : supreme truthfulness

Uttama-saucha : supreme purity

Uttama-tapa : supreme austerity

Wtama-tyaga : supreme renunciation

Vachana yoga : activity of speech

Vag-gupti : stoppage of speech

Vaiyavrttya : rendering service to saints

Vanaprastha- : the third stage in life of retirement from asramaworldly activities

Variaspati-kaya ji va : vegetable bodied and bacteria type soul

Vapu-mada : pride of body or beautiful form or appearance

Vayu-kaya jl va : air-bodied soul

Vedaniya karma : the feeling karma

Vibhrama : vagueness, indefiniteness

Vichikitsa : disgust of anything

Vikala-charitra : partial or qualified conduct

Vimoha : attachment, delusion

Vinaya : reverent attitude, modest behaviour

Virodhi hirrisa : protective injury

Vivikta-sayyasana : sitting and sleeping in a secluded place Vrata : a vow

Vrati : a person who observes vratas

Vrtti- : taking a mental vow regarding acceptance parisamkhyana of food

Vyavabura-naya : the practical point of view

Vyaya : destruction, disappearance

Vyutsarga : giving up attachment to the body

Yathakhyata : ideal and passionless conduct

Yati : a male ascetic

yoga : activity of mind, speech and body.